Ferrous Sulfate Heptahydrate
Ferrous Sulfate Heptahydrate
Hōʻike huahana
ʻO Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, ʻike ʻia hoʻi he vitriol ʻōmaʻomaʻo, he ʻano aniani ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻōmaʻomaʻo, he ʻōmaʻomaʻo māmā ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka wai.ʻO ka Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate ponoʻī ʻaʻole paʻa a maʻalahi hoʻi e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia.I kēia manawa, ʻo ke ʻano maʻalahi a pololei o ka hoʻohana ʻana, ʻo ia ka nalowale ʻana o ka wai aniani 6 ma ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i ka ea, acuum dryin.
Ma keʻano he mea hoʻomomona a hoʻololi lepo paha, he mea pono ia i ke kōkuaʻana i ka'ōmaʻomaʻo'ōmaʻomaʻo ma mua o nā hanana nui.
Maikaʻi nō hoʻi i ka puhi ʻana i kekahi mau ʻano mauʻu ma ka turf.
Kōkua i ka pale ʻana i nā hemahema o ka lau a hoʻopau i ka melemele o nā lau.
E like me nā ʻano mea hoʻomomona Sulphate e kōkua ia i ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i ka pH i ka manawa ma nā ʻāina alkaline nui kahi e hoʻohana ʻia ai kahi papahana e hoʻohana ana i ka Sulphates e hoʻomaʻamaʻa i ka lepo a hoʻohaʻahaʻa i ka pH i loko o ka pae kūpono.
| mea | maʻiʻo |
| FeSO4.7H2O % | ≥ 85.0 |
| TiO2 % | ≤ 1.0 |
| H2SO4% | ≤ 2.0 |
| Pb% | ≤ 0.003 |
| As% | ≤ 0.001 |
* Hoʻoholo ʻia nā laʻana maʻamau e ka mea kūʻai aku ma ke kūkākūkā ʻana me ka mea hoʻolako
ʻO Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate ka wai kiʻekiʻe i loko o ka ferrous sulfate hydrate, a ʻo ka ferrous sulfate monohydrate ka huahana o ka dehydration hapa o ka ferrous sulfate heptahydrate,.Hiki ke hōʻuluʻulu ʻia i hoʻokahi huaʻōlelo: ʻo ka ferrous sulfate heptahydrate ka mea hou i hana ʻia me ka nui o ka wai, a ʻo ka ferrous sulfate monohydrate ka huahana o ka hana lua o ka ferrous sulfate heptahydrate me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa a me ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe, i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hānai a me nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻilikai ʻoihana.
Palapala noi
1.Water Treatment
ʻO ka hoʻomaka ʻana i ka ferrous sulfate i mālama ʻia i ka wai:
ʻO ka ferrous sulfate maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻo ka ferrous sulfate i loaʻa i ʻehiku crystalline wai, ʻike ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka ferrous sulfate heptahydrate.
ʻO ka Ferric sulfate ka hopena flocculation maikaʻi, nā ʻāpana coagulation nui, ka hoʻoponopono wikiwiki, ka hopena kala kala maikaʻi, ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻano wai ʻino.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Ferrite sulfate i ka mālama wai.Hiki ke mahele ia penei:
Ma ke ʻano he coagulant:Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ferrite sulfate coagulant agent i ka mālama ʻana i ka paʻi ʻana a me ke kala ʻana i ka wai ʻino, ʻo ke kī i ka paʻi ʻana a me ke kala ʻana i ka wai ʻino ka decolorization a me ka wehe ʻana o COD, a ʻo ka coagulation decolorization kahi loulou pono, ʻo ka sulfuric acid kahi paʻa paʻa a paʻa i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻōpala. hopena wehe.ʻO ka ferrous sulfate i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia i ka wai ua maʻalahi ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i kahi kala melemele a ʻeleʻele paha i ka ea pulu.E hoʻoheheʻe i ka wai, ʻo ka manaʻo nui o ka hopena i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e pili ana i 5% -10%, ʻo ka ʻike huahana he 80% -95%.Ma ke ʻano he coagulant, nui nā ʻāpana coagulation, hydrophobic maikaʻi, hoʻoponopono wikiwiki, maikaʻi loa ka hopena kala kala, a me nā kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa o nā mea lapaʻau.
Ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa:ʻO ka Ferric sulfate kahi mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa ikaika a he hopena koʻikoʻi i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino i loko o ka chromium.Hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka chromium hexavalent i loko o ka wai ʻino i loko o ka chromium o ka mea kanu electroplating i trivalent chromium, he haʻahaʻa ke kumu kūʻai a ʻaʻole hoʻopuka i nā kinoea hoʻomāinoino a me ka carcinogenic.
E like me ka flocculant:Hoʻohana ʻia ka ferrous sulfate ma ke ʻano he flocculant me ka wikiwiki o ka sedimentation rate, liʻiliʻi a paʻa i ka nui o ka sludge holoʻokoʻa, a me ka hopena wehe kala.He kūpono loa ia no ka wai hoʻoheheʻe hope me ka ʻōnaehana mālama biochemical, a he flocculant maʻamau no ka paʻi ʻana a me ka hoʻoluʻu ʻana i ka wai ʻōpala a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai ʻōpala.Hiki iā ia ke hoʻololi i ka polyaluminum chloride, polyferric sulfate, alumini sulfate, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me nā flocculants ʻoi aku ka waiwai a me ka hana, a hiki ke hoʻoneʻe i ka nui o nā mea paʻa i hoʻokuʻu ʻia i loko o ka wai, a wehe i kahi ʻāpana o ka cod a me ka decolorization.
Ma ke ʻano he precipitant:Hiki i ka Ferrous sulfate ke hana i ka sediment me ka sulfide a me ka hydrate no ka wehe ʻana i ka sulfide a me ka phosphate, i loaʻa ka hopena maopopo i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻōpala i loko o ka sulfur i ka paʻi ʻana a me ke kala ʻana i nā mea kanu.
Ma ke ʻano he mea hana decolorization:ʻAʻole wale ka Ferrous sulfate i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka flocculation a me ka sedimentation, akā loaʻa nō hoʻi ka hopena o ka decolorization, a hiki ke hoʻoneʻe i kekahi mau ion metala kaumaha.ʻO ka mea nui, loaʻa nā hopena o ka ferrous sulfate i ka decolorization a me ka wehe ʻana o COD i ka paʻi ʻana a me ke kala ʻana i ka wai ʻino, a me ka ferrite co-precipitation o ka wai ʻino electroplating.
Ma ke ʻano he bionutrient:Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka Ferric sulfate e like me ka meaʻai hao no nā microorganisms i ka ʻōnaehana biochemical e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana o nā microorganisms i ka ʻōnaehana, i mea e hōʻoia ai a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono a me ka paʻa o ka ʻōnaehana.
Hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino i loko o ka chromium:Hoʻohana ʻia ka ʻakika Chromic i kekahi manawa i ke kaʻina hana electroplating a me ka hana ʻili, e hopena i nā koena metala kaumaha i loko o ka wai ʻino i loaʻa nā ion metala chromium.He mea ʻona nā pūhui ion Chromium a aia i loko o ka wai ʻino ma ke ʻano he trivalent chromium, hexavalent chromium a i ʻole metallic chromium.ʻO ke ʻano lapaʻau nui o ka hexavalent chromium hiki ke hoʻemi i ka ua.He ikaika loa ko ka Ferrous sulfate i ka hexavalent chromium a hiki ke hoemi i ka chromium ion e hana i ka chromium hydroxide precipitation.
Ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino i loko o ka cyanide:Loaʻa ka wai ʻōpala i loko o ka cyanide mai nā kumu like ʻole (e like me ka wai ʻōpala electroplating).ʻO ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka cyanide ka mea e make ai nā kānaka a me nā holoholona i ka manawa pōkole loa, a e hōʻemi hoʻi i ka hoʻohua ʻana.Nui nā ʻano hana e mālama ai i ka wai ʻino cyanide, e like me ka acidification recovery, membrane separation, chemical complexation, extraction, natural degradation, chemical oxidation, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻoihana, maʻamau polyacrylamide.Ma waho aʻe o ka wehe ʻana i ka cyanide i ka wai, hiki iā ia ke wehe i ka COD a me kekahi mau metala kaumaha i ka wai.
Fenton Reagent:Fenton Fenton reagent Fenton Fenton reagent He kiʻekiʻe loa ka mana oxidation.ʻO ke ala Fenton reagent kahi ʻano o ka hana lapaʻau holomua e hui pū ana i ka ferrous sulfate a me ka hydrogen peroxide.Hoʻohana ʻo ia i ka hoʻemi ikaika o ka ferrous sulfate a me ka hydrogen peroxide e hana i nā radical hydroxyl me ka hopena oxidizing ikaika, a hana i nā radical manuahi me nā mea kūlohelohe refractory.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka wai ʻino kemika, a ʻo ia ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino electroplating.ʻO ka Fenton reagent ka nui o ka ferrous sulfate a me ka hydrogen peroxide, i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i ka mālama wai ʻino.ʻO ka ʻenehana hui pū ʻana o nā mea ʻelua ʻo ia ka ʻenehana oxidation ikaika.ʻO kēia no ka mea, ʻo ka hoʻonā hui ʻia o ka hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) a me divalent iron ion Fe e hoʻoheheʻe i nā molekala nui i loko o nā molela liʻiliʻi a me nā molekala liʻiliʻi i carbon dioxide a me ka wai.I ka manawa like, hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia ʻo FeSO4 i loko o nā ion hao trivalent, nona kahi hopena flocculation.ʻO nā ion hao trivalent e lilo i ferric hydroxide, i loaʻa kekahi hopena hopu ʻupena, i mea e hoʻokō ai i ke kumu o ka mālama wai.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ia i ka wai ʻōpala kemika, a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka wai ʻino electroplating.
|
wai ʻino o ka ʻoihana kemika |
hoʻohuehue |
wai ʻili ʻili |
Ka paʻi ʻana a me ke kala ʻana i ka wai ʻino |
|
ʻōpuʻu |
decolor |
ʻO ka wai hoʻoheheʻe emulsified |
coagulate |
ʻano hoʻohana:
1. E hoʻopiha i ka pahu hoʻoheheʻe me ka wai wela maʻamau a hoʻomaka i ka mea hoʻonāukiuki;A laila e hoʻohui i ka ferrous sulfate, ʻo ka ratio o ka ferrous sulfate i ka wai paila he 1: 5-2: 5 (kaumaha ratio), hui a hoʻoulu ʻia no 1.5-2 mau hola a hiki i ka hui ʻana i loko o kahi wai ʻōmaʻomaʻo māmā, a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka wai. i ka manaʻo i makemake ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻopau piha ʻana.
2. Ma muli o ke ʻano ʻokoʻa o ka wai maka, pono ia e hoʻokō i ka hoʻokō ʻana ma ka pūnaewele a i ʻole ka hoʻāʻo beaker e like me nā ʻano o ka maikaʻi o ka wai i mālama ʻia e koho i nā kūlana hoʻohana maikaʻi loa a me ke ʻano e loaʻa ai ka hopena lapaʻau maikaʻi loa.
3. ʻO ka pahu hoʻoheheʻe no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka sulfate ferrous e hana ʻia me ka PVC plastic a i ʻole ka corrosion-resistant material.
2.Feed-grade Ferrous Sulfate
Hoʻomaka i ka hānai ʻana i ka ferrous sulfate:
ʻO Ferrous sulfate kahi mea hoʻohui meaʻai mineral, i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻoihana hānai.ʻO ka mea hao he mea nui o ka hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochrome a me nā ʻano enzymes.Hiki i ka Ferrous sulfate ke hoʻonui i ka hao i koi ʻia no ka ulu ʻana o nā holoholona, e hoʻoikaika i ka ulu a me ka ulu ʻana o nā holoholona a me nā holoholona wai, hoʻoikaika i ka pale ʻana i nā maʻi, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka pono hānai.Loaʻa i ka hao ka hopena detoxification ma luna o gossypol, kahi mea ʻawaʻawa i loaʻa i loko o ka keke pulupulu i loko o ka hānai.
ʻO nā ʻano meaʻai ferrous sulfate:
Māhele ʻia ka ferrous sulfate hānai i loko o ka ferrous sulfate monohydrate a me ka ferrous sulfate heptahydrate.ferrous sulfate monohydrate he hina keʻokeʻo pauka, a ʻo ka ferrous sulfate heptahydrate he polū ʻōmaʻomaʻo aniani.ʻO ka hao heptahydrate sulfate he ferrous sulfate (FeSO4 7H2O) me ʻehiku wai aniani, ʻoiai ʻo ka ferrous monohydrate sulfate he tyacid ferrous (FeSO4 H2O) ma hope o ka maloʻo ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i loko o ka wai aniani.ʻOi aku ka maʻemaʻe a me ka ʻike o ka ferrous sulfate monohydrate, a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola (a hiki i 6-9 mahina me ka ʻole o ka agglomeration), a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana.
ʻO nā hemahema o ka Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (FeSO4.7H2O) ma ke ʻano he meaʻai maka:
1. He kiʻekiʻe loa ka wai o ka Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, he mea maʻalahi ia e pili i ka sieve plate a i ʻole ke keʻena ʻōpala i ke kaʻina hana ʻokiʻoki, e ālai ana i ka lua kānana, e hōʻemi ana i ka wahi kānana kūpono o ka pā sieve, e hopena i ka emi ʻana o hoʻopuka;
2, Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate e hoʻopili i ka paʻa o nā huaora i loko o ka hānai, e like me ka hoʻoikaika ʻana i ka hāʻule ʻole o ka huaʻa A;
3. Ma hope o ka mālama ʻana no kekahi manawa, ua maʻalahi ka pale ʻana i ka hanana, ʻaʻole kūpono i ka hana ma hope;
4. I ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka premix, ʻaʻohe hopena o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana no ka mea ua maʻalahi nā paʻakai ferrous i loko o ka wai crystalline lehulehu me ka pauka pōhaku lawe a i ʻole ka calcium carbonate.ʻO ke ala maikaʻi loa e hoʻoneʻe i ka wai manuahi a me ka wai crystalline i Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, e hoʻolilo iā ia i ka hana mālama mālama maikaʻi, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hao o ka ferrous monohydrate ferrous sulfate, ferrous sulfate monohydrate i ʻoi aku ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻike kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i ka Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o ke ola. (6-9 mahina ʻaʻole lump).ʻO ka ferrous sulfate ka meaʻai meaʻai kokoke i ka monohydrate ferrous sulfate.
ʻO nā hana nui o ka ferrous sulfate e like me ka meaʻai:
1. Hoʻopili i nā pono meaʻai o ka hao hao i loko o nā holoholona a me nā moa, a pale a mālama i ka anemia deficiency hao a me kona mau pilikia;
2, hoʻonui i ka hana immune o ke kino, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ke kupapaʻu, hana i ka ʻili ʻulaʻula, ʻulaʻula ʻulaʻula;
3. Hoʻonui i ka ulu a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka uku hānai.
ʻO ke ʻano hana o ka ferrous sulfate monohydrate no ka papa hānai:
Ma kahi mahana o 60 ℃, e hoʻoneʻe ka ferrous sulfate heptahydrate i ʻekolu wai kristal e hana i ka FeSO4 4H2O.Ke piʻi ka mahana i 80-90 ℃, e hoʻololi wale ia i hoʻokahi wai crystalline, a e loli ke kala mai ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo māmā i ka pauka keʻokeʻo.Ma o ke kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe hiki ke hiki i 99%.
Nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ferrous sulfate hānai:
Hoʻohana ʻia ka meaʻai ferrous sulfate monohydrate i hana ʻia e kā mākou ʻoihana i ka hoʻonā wai hiki, recrystallization dehydration, a me ke kaʻina hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i nā mea kila kila.Loaʻa i nā huahana nā hiʻohiʻona o ka ʻikepili kumu nui, ka solubility maikaʻi, ka kala maʻemaʻe, ʻaʻohe agglomeration, ka wai maikaʻi, ʻaʻohe ʻoki a me ka nānā ʻana.ʻO ka ferrous sulfate monohydrate he 1.5 manawa o ka mea hao o ka ferrous sulfate heptahydrate.Hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka Ferrous sulfate heptahydrate, ʻaʻole maʻalahi i ka oxidation, deteriorate a me nā waiwai paʻa.ʻO ia ka mea hoʻohui maikaʻi loa no ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i nā meaʻai a me ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui hao.
ʻO kā mākou kaʻina hana no ka hana ʻana i ka momona ferrous sulfate monohydrate:
ʻO ka wehewehe pōkole o ke kahe kaʻina hana: ʻO ka ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (me ka wai manuahi) i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia mai ka turntable i ka hale hana mua e lawe ʻia i ka pahu mālama ferrous (L7004) ma o ka mea lawe ʻili (V7002), a laila komo i ka pahu pulping (F7101) ma o ka chute.Hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka ferrous sulfate heptahydrate (me ka wai manuahi) a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka pahu pulping e ka mahu.I ka wā o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, hoʻohui ʻia kahi liʻiliʻi o 25% dilute sulfuric acid e hoʻoponopono i ka acidity o ka slurry, a laila hoʻohui ʻia kahi liʻiliʻi o ka pauka hao.E hoʻohana i ka pauma i hoʻopaʻa ʻia no ka paila ʻana i ka heptahydrate ferrous i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka pahu hoʻololi wet 1~3 # (C7101A/B/C) no ka hoʻomehana ʻana a me ka hoʻololi aniani.ʻO ka ferrous heptahydrate e hoʻomaloʻo mālie ʻia i loko o ka pahu hoʻololi pulu a hoʻololi ʻia i ke aniani keʻokeʻo ferrous monohydrate hina.Ke hoʻololi ʻia ka wai a pau i loko o ka pahu i loko o ka wai keʻokeʻo hina, e hoʻohana i ka hīnaʻi centrifuge (L7101) e hoʻokaʻawale i ka wai mai ka paʻa, lawe ʻia ka monohydrate ferrous i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka hopper waihona o ka ferrous monohydrate ma o ka conveyor ʻili (V7101ABC), a a laila hoʻouna ʻia i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻomaloʻo (L7012) e ka conveyor screw.I ka ʻōnaehana maloʻo, hoʻololi ia i ka wela me ka ea wela.Ma hope o ka wikiwiki, maloʻo, a haki ʻia, wehe mālie ʻia ka wai manuahi ma hope o ka hoʻomehana ʻana o ka ferrous monohydrate, a komo ka ea wela i ka ʻohi lepo cyclone No. 1 (L7013) a me ka ʻeke lepo No. hoʻokaʻawale, Hoʻouna ʻia ka ferrous monohydrate i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i Raymond Mill (B7003) no ka pulverization ma o ka ea duct, a hoʻouna ʻia ka ferrous monohydrate i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia i ka ʻohi lepo cyclone No.Ma hope o kēlā, komo ka pauda ferrous monohydrate i loko o ka pahu waihona huahana i hoʻopau ʻia (L7006), komo ke kinoea i ka ʻeke lepo ʻeke No. huahana
3. Hooponopono lepo
ʻO ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe lepo ferrous sulfate:
I ka mahi ʻana i nā mea kanu, ʻo ka mea mua, pono e ʻike i ke ʻano kūpono o ka pH o nā mea kanu i kanu ʻia, inā makemake lākou i ka lepo acidic a i ʻole ka lepo kūlohelohe a hiki ke kūpono i ka lepo alkaline.Inā nui ka ʻakika a i ʻole ka alkaline o ka lepo, e pili ana ia i ka ulu aʻa o nā mea kanu i kekahi ʻano, no laila e pili ana i ka ulu maʻamau o nā mea kanu.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu ma nā ʻāina kūʻokoʻa, ʻakika nāwaliwali a me nā lepo alkaline nāwaliwali.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka pH lepo i ʻelima mau pae: lepo ʻakika ikaika (pH emi ma lalo o 5), lepo ʻakika (pH 5.0-6.5), lepo kū ʻole (pH 6.5-7.5), lepo alkaline (pH 7.5-8.5), a me ka lepo alkaline ikaika. (pH ʻoi aku ma mua o 8.5)
E ʻike i ka ʻakika lepo a me ka alkalinity:
ʻO nā mea maʻamau o ka lepo ka minerala, ka mea olaola, ka wai a me ka ea.No laila hiki ke ana ʻia ka waiwai PH o ka lepo me ka pepa hoʻāʻo, akā pehea e hoʻoponopono wale ai i ka acidity a me ka alkalinity o ka lepo me ka ʻole o ka pepa hōʻike?No laila hiki ke ana ʻia ka waiwai PH o ka lepo me ka pepa hoʻāʻo, akā pehea e hoʻoholo ai i ka acidity a me ka alkalinity o ka lepo me ka ʻole o ka pepa hoʻāʻo?
ʻO ka mea maʻamau, ʻo ka lepo me ka nui o ka ʻakika e paʻi a pala i ka wā e pulu ai, a e lilo ia i puʻupuʻu paʻakikī nui i ka wā maloʻo, a e ʻono ʻawaʻawa ke hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi waha liʻiliʻi.I loko o ka lepo me ka alkalinity nui, wehe ka ʻōpala ʻāina i ka wā maloʻo ma hope o ka ua.E hoʻokomo i ka lepo maloʻo i loko o ka wai e hoʻonā a hoʻomaʻamaʻa, a laila e lawe i ka wai i hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia a hoʻolapalapa a maloʻo.Aia kahi hau keʻokeʻo liʻiliʻi ma ka papa lalo.
Hiki i nā ʻāina like ʻole ke nele i nā meaʻai ma lalo o nā kūlana PH like ʻole:
| ʻAno Agro | Ka lepo pH <6.0 | Nā lepo pH 6.0-7.0 | lepo pH> 7.0 |
| lepo one | Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, molybdenum | Nitrogen, magnesium, manganese, boron, keleawe, zinc | Nitrogen, magnesium, manganese, boron, keleawe, zinc, hao |
| māmā loam | Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, copper, molybdenum | Nitrogen, magnesium, manganese, boron, keleawe | Nitrogen, magnesium, manganese, boron, keleawe, zinc |
| loam | ʻO ka phosphorus, potassium, molybdenum | Manganese, boron | Manganese, boron, keleawe, hao |
| lepo lepo | ʻO ka phosphorus, potassium, molybdenum | manganese | Borona, manganese |
| pālolo | Phosphorus, molybdenum | Borona, manganese | Borona, manganese |
| ʻO ka lepo mea ola kino kiʻekiʻe | Phosphorus, zinc, keleawe | Manganese, zinc, keleawe | Manganese, zinc, keleawe |
ʻano hoʻoponopono lepo:
1. Nui loa ka lepo ʻakika:
(1) Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka lepo acidic e hoʻokaʻawale i ka PH.ʻOi aku ka hana o ka lime ma mua o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka ʻakika lepo.Hoʻomaikaʻi pū ia i nā waiwai kino lepo, hoʻoulu i ka hana microbial lepo, hoʻonui i ka maikaʻi o nā minela ma nā mea kanu, hāʻawi i ka calcium a me ka magnesium i nā mea kanu, a hoʻonui i ka symbiotic nitrogen fixation i nā mea kanu legume.I kēlā me kēia makahiki i ka mu i 20 a 25 kilokani lime, a hoʻopili i ka mea kanu mahiʻai lawa, ʻaʻole e hoʻopili wale i ka lime me ka ʻole o ka mea kanu mahiʻai, i lilo ka lepo i melemele a lahilahi.A pono e hoʻohana ʻia i 1-3 mau mahina ma mua o ka lūlū ʻana, i ʻole e hoʻopilikia i ka ulu ʻana a me ka ulu.
(2) Hiki i nā wahi kahakai ke hoʻohana i ka lehu pūpū i loko o ka calcium, ka pauka shale poni, ka lehu lele, ka lehu kanu a pēlā aku e hoʻopau i ka ʻakika lepo, a hoʻoponopono maikaʻi i nā kūlana wai a me nā mea momona o ka lepo.
2. Nui loa ka lepo alkaline:
(1) Ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka pauka sulfur: no kēlā me kēia mika square o ka moena seedling, i hui pū ʻia me 100-200g o ka pauka sulfur, hiki ke mālama ʻia kona ola papa wai no 2-3 mau makahiki.
(2) Ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ferrous sulfate: ʻo ka ferrous sulfate he waikawa ikaika a me ka paʻakai alkali palupalu, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka lepo e hana i kahi waikawa, e hoʻonui ai i ka ʻakika lepo.E noi i ka 150g o ka ferrous sulfate i kēlā me kēia mika square e hoʻemi i ka waiwai pH e 0.5-1.0 mau ʻāpana;e hoʻonui i ka dosage e 1/3.
(3) E ninini i ka vīnega: kahi liʻiliʻi o ka lepo lepo i loko o ka ʻohana, inā ʻoi aku ka nui o ka pH ma mua o 7, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i 150-200 mau manawa i ka wai o ka vīnega, ma hope o kēlā me kēia 15-20 mau lā, maikaʻi ka hopena.
(4) ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka lepo nilala ʻōleʻa: ʻo ka hui ʻana i ka lepo nilalaʻu he ala wikiwiki a maikaʻi hoʻi e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka lepo alkaline.Hana ʻia ka pine conisoil me nā conifers paina popopo, nā lālā koena a me nā mea maloʻo ʻē aʻe e hemo ana, ʻoi aku ka waikawa.ʻO ka maʻamau i loko o ka lepo alkaline i hui pū ʻia me 1 / 5-1 / 6 lepo nila pine, hiki ke kanu ʻia e like me nā pua waikawa.
(5) E ninini i ka hopena potassium dihydrogen phosphate: ma ka lepo alkaline, ua maʻalahi ka hao e hoʻopaʻa ʻia a lilo i ʻāina hiki ʻole ke hoʻohana ʻia, ʻoiai inā hoʻohana ʻia ka hao, ʻaʻole maikaʻi ka hopena.No laila, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution a i ʻole nā mea hoʻoheheʻe waikawa ʻē aʻe e hoʻoinu i ka lepo, i nāwaliwali ka lepo, hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka hao i loko o ka lepo, kahi e kūpono ai i ka absorption a me ka hoʻohana ʻana. aʻa mea kanu pua.
(6) hiki ke hoʻohana i ka gypsum i loko o ka lepo, phosphogypsum, ferrous sulfate, sulfur pauka, acid weathered lanahu.
(7) Hiki i ka lepo alkaline ke hoʻopili i ka mea kanu, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea kanu palaka he ala maikaʻi ia e hoʻoponopono ai i ka waiwai o ka lepo PH, ʻaʻole ia e luku i ke ʻano o ka lepo.Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia a fermented, hiki ke hana i ka nui o nā waikawa organik a hoʻemi hoʻi i ka waiwai PH lepo.
3. ʻO ka acidification artificial o ka lepo kūʻole a me ka lepo calcareous:
ʻO ka pauka sulfur i loaʻa (50g / m 2) a i ʻole ferrous sulfate (150 g / m 2) hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia e 0.5-1 pH unit.Hiki nō hoʻi ke hoʻohana i ka ʻōnaehana ninini wai alum.
lepo paʻakai: Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka Ferric sulfate e hoʻoponopono i ke koena o ka lepo ma nā māla paʻakai.ʻO ka salinization o ka lepo ke kiʻekiʻe loa ka paʻakai o ka lepo (ʻoi aku ma mua o 0.3%), no laila ʻaʻole hiki i nā mea kanu ke ulu maʻamau.Hoʻolaha nui ʻia ka salinization ma Kina ma ka ʻākau ʻo Kina Plain, ka ʻākau ʻākau, ka ʻāina komohana komohana a me nā wahi kahakai.Ma mua o ka lūlū ʻana i ka ferrous sulfate i ka alkali, hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka punawai, a ua hoʻopili ʻia he 50 kg o ka ferrous sulfate chemical modifier i kēlā me kēia mu o ka ʻāina saline-alkali, a laila ʻōuʻu ʻia me ka ʻōpala rotary a i ʻole ka palau.He wikiwiki ka noi hao sulfate, akā ʻaʻole lōʻihi ka manawa hana, pono e hoʻopili pinepine ʻia.
4. Hoʻohana kūikawā no nā pua:
He kūpono ka ferrous sulfate no nā mea kanu waikawa e hoʻohui i ka hao i nā mea kanu.Kāohi i ka maʻi lau melemele.ʻO ka nele o ka hao hiki ke alakaʻi i ka chlorosis o nā lau a me ke aʻa necrosis o kekahi mau pua.I kekahi mau wahi, e hoʻohui ʻia kahi liʻiliʻi o ka ferrous sulfate i ka wā e hoʻoinu ai a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā pua e hoʻomaikaʻi ai i ka acidity o ka lepo ipu a hoʻokō i nā pono o ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka ferrous sulfate i ka māla e pepehi i ka moss, wehe i ka moss a me ka lichen, a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka lepo.
ʻano hoʻohana:
1、E hoʻoponopono i ka pH o ka wai i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka ferrous sulfate i kahi PH4.ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka vīnega raiki kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka wai sulfuric dilute i ka wai, e ana i ka pH o ka wai me ka pepa hoʻāʻo litmus, a hoʻāʻo i hoʻokahi manawa me ka hoʻohui ʻole ʻana i kahi liʻiliʻi a hiki i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka waiwai PH o ka wai i 4. A laila hoʻohui i ka solution ferrous sulfate a ana ʻia me ka pepa hoʻāʻo litmus.Inā he 4 mau ka waiwai PH, hiki iā ʻoe ke hoʻohana i kēia solution ferrous sulfate e hoʻoinu i nā pua melemele ma muli o ka nele o ka hao.ʻO ka maʻamau, ʻoiai e lilo nā pua a me nā mea kanu i melemele ma muli o ka nele o ka hao, pono ke kiʻekiʻe o ka waiwai PH i loko o ka ipuhao.Ma ka hoʻohana wale ʻana i kēia haʻahaʻa pH haʻahaʻa ferrous sulfate solution e hoʻoinu ai i ka lepo ipu e hiki ke hoʻemi ʻia ka waiwai PH o ka lepo ipu, i mea e hoʻokō ai i ke kumu o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka hao no nā pua hao ʻole.
2、Hoʻohana ʻia ka ferrous sulfate i chelate iron fertilizer a hoʻohana ʻia.ʻO ka Disodium ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (C10H14N2O8Na2), hiki ke kūʻai ʻia ma nā hale kūʻai reagent maʻamau, ua kapa ʻia ʻo "chelating agent".ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka chelating agent, ʻo ka metala i hui pū ʻia me ia ʻaʻole maʻalahi e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e ka hopena kemika, akā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e nā mea kanu.ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana, ʻo ia ka lawe ʻana i 6 grams o ka ferrous sulfate a me 8 grams o ka disodium EDTA e hoʻoheheʻe i nā mea ʻelua i ka 1 lita o ka wai i ka manawa like (hoʻololi i ka waiwai PH ma lalo o 6), a mālama i ka hopena i loko o kahi pahu. kū kokoke.Inā pono e hoʻohui i ka hao no nā pua hao hao, e hoʻohui i 10 ml o kēia hopena i 1 lita o ka wai.
3、Ma keʻano maʻamau, ʻelua mau ala e hoʻomoʻa ai i nā pua: ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana o ke aʻa (7-9 jin o 10 grams o ka wai, ka wai kīʻaha lepo) a me ka pipi ʻana i ka fertilization (4-5 jin o 10 grams o ka wai, e pāpaʻi ma ka ʻili lau).ʻOiai he hopena koʻikoʻi ka ferrous sulfate solution i ka hoʻoinu ʻana i ka lepo i loko o ka ipuhao, e hoʻopaʻa koke ʻia ka hao hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a lilo i pūhui i loko o ka hao a lilo i mea ʻole.No ka pale ʻana i ka hao mai ka hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻana e ka lepo, ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana i ka solution ferrous sulfate e pīpī i nā lau, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ma mua o ka irrigation.
nā mea e pono ai ke nānā:
1、ʻO ka wai i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻopau i ka ferrous sulfate e nalowale kona pono inā ʻoi aku ka nui o kona PH ma mua o 6.5.
2、E mālama ʻia ka ferrous sulfate ma kahi ʻano sila i mea e pale ai i ka makū.Inā hoʻopili ʻia e ka makū, e oxidize mālie a lilo i hao trivalent ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻopili maʻalahi ʻia e nā mea kanu.Ke huli ia mai ka uliuli-'ōmaʻomaʻo a i ʻeleʻele, ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka ferrous sulfate i kēia manawa i ferric sulfate, ʻaʻole hiki ke komo a hoʻohana ʻia e nā pua a me nā mea kanu.
3、E hoʻomākaukau koke ʻia ka ferrous sulfate no nā pua.He mea ʻepekema ʻole ka hui ʻana i ka nui o ka ferrous sulfate solution i ka manawa hoʻokahi no ka hoʻohana lōʻihi.ʻO kēia no ka mea e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka ferrous sulfate i loko o ka hao trivalent ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke komo i loko o ka wai no ka manawa lōʻihi, ʻaʻole hiki ke komo a hoʻohana ʻia e nā pua a me nā mea kanu.
4、ʻAʻole e nui ka nui o ka sulfate ferrous a ʻaʻole pono ka pinepine.Inā nui loa ka dosage a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka topdressing, e ʻona ka mea kanu, a lilo nā aʻa o nā pua i hina a ʻeleʻele a palaho.Eia kekahi, e hoʻopili ʻia ka absorption o nā meaʻai ʻē aʻe ma muli o kona hopena antagonistic.
5、I ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka ferrous sulfate i loko o ka lepo alkaline, pono e hoʻopili ʻia ka mea hoʻomomona potassium kūpono (akā ʻaʻole kanu i ka lehu).Ma muli o ka hoʻoikaika ʻana o ka potassium i ka neʻe ʻana o ka hao i nā mea kanu, hiki iā ia ke hoʻoikaika i ka pono o ka ferrous sulfate.
6、ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hopena ferrous sulfate i nā pua hydroponic a me nā lāʻau e pale i ka ʻike ʻana o ka lā.ʻO ka mālamalama o ka lā ma luna o ka meaʻai meaʻai i loko o ka hao e waiho i ka hao i loko o ka hopena a hoʻemi i kona pono.No laila, pono e uhi i ka pahu me ka lole ʻeleʻele (aiʻole ka pepa ʻeleʻele) a i ʻole e neʻe i kahi wahi pouli i loko;
7、ʻO ka hopena o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ferrous sulfate a me ka decomposed organic fertilizer solution he maikaʻi loa.Ma muli o ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā mea organik, he hopena paʻakikī ia i ka hao a hiki ke hoʻoikaika i ka solubility o ka hao;
8、ʻAʻole kūpono ia e hoʻopili i ka ammonia nitrogen fertilizer a me nā mea me ka hopena antagonistic me ka hao pū.Hiki iā Ammonia nitrogen (e like me ka ammonium sulfate, ammonium carbonate, ammonium phosphate a me ka urea) ke hoʻopau i nā mea olaola a me ka hao paʻakikī i loko o ka wai a me ka lepo, a hoʻoneʻe i ka hao divalent i loko o ka hao trivalent ʻaʻole hiki ke komo maʻalahi.ʻO ka calcium, ka magnesium, ka manganese, ke keleawe a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he hopena antagonistic i ka hao a hiki ke hōʻemi i ka pono o ka hao.No laila, pono e mālama pono i ka nui o kēia mau mea.I ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ferrous sulfate, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi ʻaʻole e hoʻopili i ka mea kanu i loaʻa i kēia mau mea.
9、ʻOkoʻa ka pH o kēlā me kēia ipu lepo, a ʻokoʻa ke koi no ka pH o kēlā me kēia pua, no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke like ke ʻano.ʻO ke ala kūpono loa, ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻāʻo waika a me ka alkali e like me ka pepa hoʻāʻo, e hoʻohālikelike i ka makemake o ka waikawa a me ka alkali o nā pua, a helu i ka nui kūpono ma o ka helu maʻalahi.Ma hope o kekahi mau pule o ka noi ʻana, hiki ke hoʻōki i ka hoʻomoʻa ʻana i ka wā e ʻōmaʻomaʻo ai nā lau a ʻaʻole alkaline ka lepo o ka ipuhao
Nā pua kūpono:
He kūpono ka Ferrous sulfate no ka makemake i nā pua lepo a me nā kumulāʻau.Ma muli o ka nāwaliwali o ka waikawa i loko o ka lepo kīʻaha, melemele nā lau, a i ʻole zoom, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka ferrous sulfate.He kūpono hoʻi nā lāʻau māla no ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ferrous sulfate.'Ōlelo Aʻo: ʻaʻole ʻike i ka ʻeleʻele o ka lau i ka hao, ʻo ka mea maʻamau ka maʻi hao pua i nā lau hou, ʻeleʻele nā aʻa, ʻōmaʻomaʻo mau nā aʻa.ʻAʻole ʻike pinepine ʻia nā kiko maʻi.I nā hihia koʻikoʻi, maloʻo ka ʻaoʻao o ka lau a me ka piko o ka lau, a i kekahi manawa e hoʻonui i loko, e hana i kahi ʻāpana nui, a ʻo nā veins lau nui wale nō ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo.E hoʻoholo i ka nele o ka hao ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka hao sulfate fertilizer
5.Industrial Ferrous Sulfate
ʻOihana ferrous sulfate:
He mea koʻikoʻi ka Ferrous sulfate i ka paʻakai paʻakai paʻakai, ferrous iron sulfate ʻoihana i hoʻohana ʻia i ka paʻakai hao, magnetic iron oxide, inika, iron oxide ʻulaʻula, hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka hao catalyst, dyeing agent, tanning agent, wai hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai, mālama lāʻau a me ka disinfectant, etc., a hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka meaʻai a me nā mea hoʻohui meaʻai e like me nā mea hoʻohui hao, kala lauoho.ʻO ka ferrous sulfate ka nui o ka ferrous heptahydrate sulfate a me ka ferrous monohydrate sulfate.
Nā noi ʻoihana o ka ferrous sulfate:
Ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka manganese dioxide maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe:ʻO ka ferrous sulfate he hoʻemi ikaika, ʻo ka mea nui o ka anite palupalu ʻo MnO2, a he ikaika ka MnO2 ma lalo o nā kūlana, no laila ma lalo o nā kūlana moe, hiki ke hui pū ʻia e hoʻomākaukau i ka manganese dioxide maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe.
Hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai:Hoʻohana ʻia ka ferrous sulfate ma ke ʻano he coagulant no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka wai turbid a me ka wai ʻino ʻoihana;a hoʻohana nui ʻia e like me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai hānai ʻoihana.Hoʻohana maʻamau me ka sodium hydroxide a i ʻole ka lime a me ka polymer flocculant organik, me ka ferrous sulfate e like me ka mea hoʻohaʻahaʻa, me ke ʻano hoʻohaʻahaʻa kemika no ka mālama ʻana i ka wai ʻino i loko o ka chromium, maikaʻi ka hopena o ka mālama ʻana, loaʻa nā pōmaikaʻi o ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa, ʻaʻohe hanauna pollution hou, a hiki ke hana hou ʻia. Cr2O3.
ʻO ka ferrous sulfate i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia: Nui nā ʻano hana e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ai i ka ferrous sulfate, e like me ke ʻano recrystallization, hydrolysis precipitation method, ultrafiltration method, etc. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, hiki ke hoʻohana pololei ʻia ka ferrous sulfate e like me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka maka no ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka hao oxide kiʻekiʻe, a hiki ke pololei. hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka mea hoʻomaka maka no ka mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai.
Ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka polyferric sulfate: ʻO ka flocculation kahi ʻenehana mālama wai i hoʻohana nui ʻia ma ka home a ma waho.ʻO ka maikaʻi o ka hopena flocculation e pili ana i ka hana o ka flocculant.ʻO ka Polymeriron sulfate he mea hou a maikaʻi hoʻi ka hao inorganic polymer flocculant, he ʻano o ka hao sulfate polymer.Me nā hiʻohiʻona o ka manawa condensation pōkole a me ka hana hoʻoponopono maikaʻi o nā catkins, hiki i ka nui o ka neʻe ʻana o ka turbidity wai ʻino ke hiki aku ma mua o 95%, a hiki i ka 80%.
ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka iron oxide red: ʻO ka hao ʻokesa ʻulaʻula, he puaʻa ʻulaʻula, ʻo Fe2O3 kona haku, ʻo ia ka hematite.ʻAʻohe mea ʻawaʻawa, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, he kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe ka uhi ʻana a me ka ikaika kala, ʻo kona kūpaʻa māmā, kūpaʻa wela, kūpaʻa alkali a me ka dilute acid resistance maikaʻi loa.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka hao sulfate e hoʻomākaukau ai i ka hao oxide ʻulaʻula, e hoʻokō ai i ka hoʻohana hou ʻana.
Ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka iron oxide melemele: ʻO ka hao ʻokesa melemele, he puaʻa melemele, ʻo ia hoʻi ka nila hao hao, ʻo kona kūpaʻa māmā, pollution turbidity kinoea kū'ē a me ka alkali kū'ē ikaika loa, akā, ʻilihune ka waika.ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka ultrafine transparent iron oxide melemele me ka ferrous sulfate ka mea kūpono.
Nano iron oxide: ʻO ka nano iron oxide he aniani hao hao, loaʻa nā mea maikaʻi o ke aniani kiʻekiʻe, ka hoʻopuehu maikaʻi, ke kala ʻulaʻula, i ka pena, ka inika, ka plastics a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe he nui ka hoʻohana ʻana, he ʻano hou me nā waiwai kūʻokoʻa o nā puaʻa hao.Me ka ferrous sulfate a me ka ʻenehana ammonium bicarbonate ma ke ʻano he mea maka, hiki ke hana ʻia ka ferrous iron oxide ma ke ʻano wai.
Metal anticorrosion: i loko o ka ʻōnaehana hoʻoheheʻe wai pololei, hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia kahi liʻiliʻi o ka ferrous sulfate i loko o ka wai o ka condenser e hana i kahi papa o ka hao oxide pale kiʻi ma luna o ka ʻili o loko o ka paipu keleawe keleawe, i mea e pale ai a hōʻemi paha i ka corrosion. o ka paipu hao.
Nā mea ʻē aʻe: Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka ferrous sulfate e hana i ka ʻīnika uliuli a ʻeleʻele a me ka hoʻoluʻu ʻili, a me ke kiʻi a me ka paʻi ʻana i ka pā.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he etcher no nā mea alumini, kahi catalyst no ka polymerization i ka ʻoihana kemika, nā reagents i ka loiloi kemika, nā mea mālama lāʻau, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau no ka anemia deficiency hao.
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A: E hoʻonohonoho maʻamau mākou i ka hoʻouna ʻana i nā lā 7 -15.
Q: Pehea e pili ana i ka packing?
A: Hāʻawi maʻamau mākou i ka packing e like me 50 kg / ʻeke a i ʻole 1000kg / ʻeke ʻOiaʻiʻo, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe nā koi kūikawā ma luna o lākou, e like mākou me ʻoe.
Q: Pehea e hōʻoia ai i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana ma mua o ke kau ʻana i nā kauoha?
A: Hiki iā ʻoe ke kiʻi i nā laʻana manuahi mai iā mākou a i ʻole e lawe i kā mākou hōʻike SGS ma ke ʻano he kuhikuhi a hoʻonohonoho paha i ka SGS ma mua o ka hoʻouka ʻana.
Q: He aha ka hoʻouka ʻana i ke awa?
A: Ma kekahi awa ma Kina.
Q: Hiki iaʻu ke loaʻa ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa inā kauoha wau.nui ka nui?
A:ʻAe, nā kumukūʻai kūʻai e like me ka nui o ke kauoha a me ka manawa uku.
Q: Ke hoʻouna wau i ka nīnau, he aha ka ʻike e hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e koho i ka huahana suitbale maikaʻi loa noʻu?
A: ʻO ka ʻike aʻe e kōkua iā mākou e koho i ka hana no ʻoe: ka nui pololei, ka hoʻopili ʻana, ke awa huakaʻi, nā koi kikoʻī.Inā loaʻa iā ʻoe kekahi koi kūikawā, hāʻawi pū mākou i ka lawelawe hoʻoponopono manuahi no ʻoe.
Q: Hiki iā ʻoe ke hana i ka lawelawe OEM o ka Iron (II) Sulphate?
A: ʻAe, ua hāʻawi mākou i ka lawelawe OEM i nā hui nui a kaulana i ke kauoha.
Q: Pehea e hiki ai iaʻu ke loaʻa ke kumukūʻai o ka hao (II) Sulphate?
A: E hāʻawi mai iā mākou i kāu helu kikoʻī, packing, port port a i ʻole nā pono kikoʻī e haʻi i ke kumu kūʻai.
Q: He mea kūʻai liʻiliʻi wau, ke ʻae nei ʻoe i kahi kauoha liʻiliʻi o ka Iron(II) Sulphate?
A: ʻAʻohe pilikia, makemake mākou e ulu pū.
