ʻO ka Sodium hydroxide, ka paʻakai
ʻO ka sodium hydroxide, i ʻike mau ʻia ʻo ka soda caustica ua kapa ʻia ʻo "Brother's" ma Hong Kong ma muli o kēia inoa kapakapa.He pūhui anorganic a me ke aniani keʻokeʻo i ka mahana maʻamau, me ka corrosivity ikaika.He alkali maʻamau ia, a aia kona noho ʻana ma ka ʻoihana kemika, metallurgy, hana pepa, petroleum, textile, meaʻai, a me nā mea hoʻonaninani a me nā ʻoihana holika.
Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka sodium hydroxide i ka wai a hoʻokuʻu i ka wela nui i mua o ka wai a me ka mahu.Ke hōʻike ʻia i ka lewa, e hoʻomoʻa ka sodium hydroxide i ka makū i ka lewa, a hoʻoheheʻe mālie i ka wā i pulu ka ʻili, ʻo ia ka mea a mākou e kapa pinepine ai "deliquescence" Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, e hana ia me ka carbon dioxide i ka lewa a me ka deteriorate. .No laila, pono e mālama pono i ka mālama ʻana a me ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka sodium hydroxide.Ma waho aʻe o nā ʻano o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka sodium hydroxide i ka ethanol, glycerol, akā ʻaʻole i ka ether, acetone, a me ka amonia wai.Eia kekahi, pono e hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo ka sodium hydroxide aqueous solution he alkaline ikaika, astringent a momona, a he ikaika ka corrosivity.
ʻO ka sodium hydroxide i kūʻai ʻia ma ka mākeke hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ka soda caustic solid a me ka soda caustic wai maʻemaʻe.Ma waena o lākou, he keʻokeʻo ka soda paʻa paʻa maʻemaʻe, ma ke ʻano o ka poloka, ka lau, ke koʻokoʻo a me ka ʻāpana, a me ka brittle;ʻO ka wai wai maʻemaʻe caustic soda ʻaʻole waihoʻoluʻu a me ka wai akaka.
1. Kemimi maka mea:
Ma ke ʻano he kumu waiwai alkaline ikaika, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium hydroxide e hana i ka borax, sodium cyanide, formic acid, oxalic acid, phenol, etc., a i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana kemika inorganic a me ka ʻoihana kemika organik.
1)ʻOihana kemika anorganic:
① Hoʻohana ʻia ia e hana i nā paʻakai sodium like ʻole a me nā hydroxides metala kaumaha.
② Hoʻohana ʻia no ka leaching alkaline o nā ores.
③ Hoʻoponopono i ka waiwai pH o nā ʻano hoʻonā like ʻole.
2)ʻOihana Kemika Organic:
① Hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium hydroxide no ka hopena saponification e hana i ka nucleophilic anionic intermediate.
② Dehalogenation o nā pūhui halogenated.
③ Hoʻokumu ʻia nā pūhui Hydroxyl e ka hoʻoheheʻe alkali.
④ Hoʻopuka ʻia ka alkali manuahi mai ka paʻakai o ka alkali organik.
⑤ Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo ia ma ke ʻano he catalyst alkaline i nā hopena kemika he nui.
2、 Ka hana ʻana i ka mea holoi
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka aila saponified sodium hydroxide e hana ai i ke kopa a me ka hoʻopili ʻana me ka alkyl aromatic sulfonic acid e hana i ka mea ikaika o ka mea holoi.Eia hou, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium hydroxide e hana i ka sodium phosphate ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomaʻemaʻe.
1)Kopa:
ʻO ka hana ʻana i ke kopa ka mea kahiko loa a nui loa ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka soda caustic.
Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium hydroxide no ka hoʻohana maʻamau i kēlā me kēia lā.A hiki i kēia lā, ʻo ke koi ʻana i ka soda caustic no ke kopa, ke kopa a me nā ʻano mea holoi holoi ʻē aʻe e pili ana i ka 15% o ka soda caustic.
ʻO ka mea nui o ka momona a me ka ʻaila meaʻai he triglyceride (triacylglycerol)
ʻO kāna hoohalike hydrolysis alkali:
(RCOO) 3C3H5 (grease)+3NaOH=3 (RCOONa) (ʻoi aku ka nui o ka momona momona sodium)+C3H8O3 (glycerol)
ʻO kēia pane ke kumu o ka hana ʻana i ke kopa, no laila ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ka saponification reaction.
ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻokoʻa paha ka waihona R i kēia kaʻina hana, akā hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka R-COONA i hana ʻia e like me ke kopa.
R maʻamau - ʻo ia:
C17H33 -: 8-heptadecenyl, R-COOH he ʻakika oleic.
C15H31 -: n-pentadecyl, R-COOH he palmitic acid.
C17H35 -: n-octadecyl, R-COOH he waikona stearic.
2)Mea holoi:
Hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium hydroxide no ka hana ʻana i nā mea holoi like ʻole, a ʻo ka pauka holoi ʻana i kēia lā (sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) ua hana pū ʻia mai ka nui o ka soda caustic, i hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻopau i ka ʻakika sulfuric fuming keu ma hope o ka hopena sulfonation.
3、 ʻOihana lole lole
1) Hoʻohana pinepine ka ʻoihana textile i ka solution sodium hydroxide e hana i ka fiber viscose.ʻO nā fiber artificial, e like me rayon, rayon, a me rayon, ka hapa nui o nā fiber viscose, i hana ʻia mai ka cellulose, sodium hydroxide, a me carbon disulfide (CS2) ma ke ʻano he mau mea maka i loko o ka solution viscose, a laila wili a hoʻopaʻa ʻia.
2) Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium hydroxide no ka mālama ʻana i ka fiber a me ke kala, a no ka mercerizing pulupulu pulupulu.Ma hope o ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka lole pulupulu me ka wai hoʻoheheʻe caustic, hiki ke hoʻoneʻe ʻia ka wax, ka momona, ka starch a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e uhi ana i ka pulupulu, a hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia ke kala mercerizing o ka lole i mea e ʻoi aku ai ka ʻaʻahu.
4、 Hoʻoheheʻe
1) E hoʻohana i ka sodium hydroxide e hana i ka bauxite e unuhi i ka alumina maʻemaʻe;
2) E hoʻohana i ka sodium hydroxide e unuhi i ka tungstate ma ke ʻano he mea maka no ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i ka tungsten mai ka wolframite;
3) Hoʻohana pū ʻia ka sodium hydroxide e hana i ka zinc alloy a me ka zinc ingot;
4) Ma hope o ka holoi ʻia ʻana me ka sulfuric acid, loaʻa i nā huahana petroleum kekahi mau mea waikawa.Pono lākou e holoi me ka sodium hydroxide solution a laila holoi ʻia me ka wai e loaʻa ai nā huahana i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia.
5、 Lapaau
Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium hydroxide ma ke ʻano he disinfectant.E hoʻomākaukau i 1% a i ʻole 2% wai hoʻonā wai wai, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he disinfectant no ka ʻoihana meaʻai, a hiki ke hoʻopau i nā mea hana, nā mīkini, a me nā hale hana i haumia e ka lepo aila a i ʻole ke kō.
6、 Ka hana pepa
He kuleana koʻikoʻi ka sodium hydroxide i ka ʻoihana pepa.Ma muli o kona ʻano alkaline, hoʻohana ʻia ia i ke kaʻina hana o ka paila a me ka pepa bleaching.
ʻO nā mea maka no ka hana pepa he lāʻau a mauʻu paha nā mea kanu, ʻaʻole i loko o cellulose wale nō, akā he nui pū kekahi o ka cellulose (lignin, gum, etc.).ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka solution sodium hydroxide dilute hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe a hoʻokaʻawale i nā ʻāpana non-cellulose, pēlā e hana ai i ka pulp me ka cellulose ma ke ʻano nui.
7、 Ai
I ka hana ʻana i ka meaʻai, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium hydroxide ma ke ʻano he neutralizer acid, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e ʻili i ka lye hua.ʻOkoʻa ke ʻano o ka sodium hydroxide solution i hoʻohana ʻia no ka ʻili ʻana me nā ʻano hua.No ka laʻana, hoʻohana ʻia ka solution sodium hydroxide 0.8% i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻalani canned me ka syrup sugar de-coated piha;No ka laʻana, hoʻohana ʻia ka hopena sodium hydroxide me kahi ʻano o 13% ~ 16% e hana i ka peach wai wai.
ʻO ka National Food Safety Standard o Kina no ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui meaʻai (GB2760-2014) e ʻōlelo ana e hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium hydroxide ma ke ʻano he kōkua hana no ka ʻoihana meaʻai, a ʻaʻole i kaupalena ʻia ke koena.
8、 Hoʻomaʻamaʻa wai
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka sodium hydroxide i ka mālama wai.I nā mea kanu hoʻomaʻemaʻe wai, hiki i ka sodium hydroxide ke hōʻemi i ka paʻakikī o ka wai ma o ka hopena neutralization.Ma ka ʻoihana ʻoihana, ʻo ia ka regenerant o ka ion exchange resin regeneration.ʻO ka sodium hydroxide ka alkalinity ikaika a me ka solubility kiʻekiʻe i ka wai.No ka mea he kiʻekiʻe ka solubility o ka sodium hydroxide i ka wai, maʻalahi ke ana ʻana i ke ʻano a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻano ʻano o ka mālama wai.
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka sodium hydroxide i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai e pili ana i kēia mau mea:
1) Hoʻopau i ka paʻakikī o ka wai;
2) Hoʻoponopono i ka waiwai pH o ka wai;
3) Hoʻopau i ka wai ʻino;
4) Hoʻopau i nā ion metala kaumaha i loko o ka wai ma o ka ua;
5) Hoʻoulu hou i ka resin hoʻololi ion.
9、 Hoʻokolohua kimeka.
Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ke ʻano he reagent, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka desiccant alkaline ma muli o ka ikaika o ka wai a me ka deliquescence.Hiki iā ia ke komo i ke kinoea waikawa (no ka laʻana, i ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka ʻā ʻana o ka sulfur i ka oxygen, hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia ka solution sodium hydroxide i loko o ka hue e hoʻomoʻa i ka sulfur dioxide ʻona).
I ka pōkole, hoʻohana nui ʻia ka sodium hydroxide i nā kula he nui, e like me ka hana ʻana i nā kemika, ka hana pepa, ka hoʻoheheʻe aluminika, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka tungsten, ka rayon, ka pulupulu artificial a me ka hana kopa, a me ka hana ʻana i nā dyes, plastics, pharmaceuticals and organic intermediates. , ka hana hou ʻana o ka lāʻau kahiko, ka hana ʻana o ka metala sodium, ka wai electrolysis a me ka hana paʻakai inorganic, a me ka hana ʻana o borax, chromate, manganate, phosphate, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e koi ana i ka nui o ka soda caustic, ʻo ia hoʻi ka sodium hydroxide.
10, ʻĀpana ikehu
Ma ke kahua o ka ikehu, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium hydroxide no ka hana ʻana o ka wahie.E like me nā pila, hiki ke hāʻawi i ka mana maʻemaʻe a maikaʻi hoʻi no ka lawe ʻana, ka mālama ʻana i nā mea, a me nā noi mana paʻa, lawe lima a me ka pilikia.Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka epoxy resin ma ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka sodium hydroxide no nā turbine makani.
Hoʻolauna:
ʻO ka sodium hydroxide anhydrous maʻemaʻe he keʻokeʻo translucent crystalline solid.Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka sodium hydroxide i ka wai, a piʻi ka solubility me ka piʻi ʻana o ka mahana.Ke hoʻoheheʻeʻia, hiki iā ia ke hoʻokuʻu i ka wela nui.Ma 288K, hiki i kona hoʻonā hoʻonaʻauao ʻana ke hiki i ka 26.4 mol/L (1:1).He ʻono astringent kona ʻano wai a me ka manaʻo momona.He alkaline ikaika ka hoʻonā a loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai āpau o ka alkali.He elua ano o ka soda caustic i kuaiia ma ka makeke: he keokeo ka soda caustic pa'a, a ma ke ano o ka poloka, ka pepa, ke kookoo, a me ka granule, a he palupalu;ʻO ka wai wai maʻemaʻe caustic soda ʻaʻole waihoʻoluʻu a me ka wai akaka.Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka sodium hydroxide i ka ethanol a me ka glycerol;Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka ether, acetone a me ka ammonia wai.
ʻAno:
Keʻokeʻo translucent crystalline paʻa
Waihona:
E mālama i ka sodium hydroxide i loko o kahi pahu paʻa wai, waiho i kahi maʻemaʻe a maʻalili, a hoʻokaʻawale iā ia mai kahi hana a me nā kapu.Pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻana ma ka wahi mālama.Pono e mālama pono ʻia ka paʻi ʻana, ka hoʻouka ʻana a me ka wehe ʻana o ka flake paʻa a me ka soda caustic granular e pale aku i ka pōʻino o ke kino o ke kanaka.
E hoʻohana:
Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka sodium hydroxide.Ma waho aʻe o ka hoʻohana ʻana ma ke ʻano he reagent i nā hoʻokolohua kemika, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he desiccant alkaline ma muli o ka ikaika o ka wai.Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka sodium hydroxide i ka ʻoihana ʻāina, a he nui nā keʻena ʻoihana e pono ai.ʻO ka ʻāpana e hoʻohana nui ana i ka sodium hydroxide ka hana ʻana i nā kemika, a ukali ʻia e ka hana pepa, ka hoʻoheheʻe alumini, ka hoʻoheheʻe tungsten, ka rayon, ka rayon a me ka hana kopa.Eia kekahi, i ka hana ʻana i nā dyes, plastics, pharmaceuticals and organic intermediates, ka hana hou ʻana o ka lāʻau kahiko, ka electrolysis o ka sodium metala a me ka wai, a me ka hana ʻana o nā paʻakai inorganic, ka hana ʻana o ka borax, chromate, manganate, phosphate, etc. , pono hoʻi i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka nui o ka soda caustic.
Hoʻopili:
Hoʻokomo ʻia ka soda caustic paʻa ʻoihana i loko o nā pahu hao a i ʻole nā mea pani ʻē aʻe me ka mānoanoa o ka pā o 0 Ma luna o 5mm, ʻoi aku ka pale ʻana ma luna o 0.5Pa, pono e hoʻopaʻa paʻa ʻia ke poʻi barela, ʻo ke kaumaha o kēlā me kēia barela he 200kg, a ʻo ka flake alkali he 25kg.E kaha ʻia ka pūʻolo me nā "mea ʻino".Ke lawe ʻia ka soda caustic wai e hiki ke lawe ʻia e ke kaʻa pahu a i ʻole ka pahu mālama, pono e hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ma hope o ka hoʻohana ʻana ʻelua.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā huahana.ʻO koʻu kahaha, ʻo ke ʻano lawelawe o ka ʻoihana mai ka manawa i ʻae ai i ka nīnau a hiki i ka manawa aʻu i hōʻoia ai i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā waiwai ʻo ia ka papa mua, ʻo ia kaʻu i ʻoluʻolu loa a hauʻoli loa.
Kahaha maoli ka lawelawe a ka hui.Hoʻopili maikaʻi ʻia nā waiwai a pau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia me nā kaha kūpono.Paʻa ka paʻi a me ka wikiwiki o ka logistic.
I koʻu koho ʻana i nā hoa pili, ua ʻike au he kumukūʻai maikaʻi loa ka hāʻawi ʻana o ka hui, maikaʻi loa ka maikaʻi o nā laʻana i loaʻa, a ua hoʻopili ʻia nā palapala hōʻoia pili.He hui maikaʻi!
